Edutran Science & Engineering (ESE) is published by Edutran with its main aim to spread critical and original analysis from researchers and academic practitioners on various contemporary science and engineering issues both local and foreign. The writing is published after undergoing a peer-review process by providing an exclusive analysis of science and engineering issues from various perspectives. ESE provides high-quality study outcomes and new thoughts for academic practitioners, researchers and decision-makers. Published three times a year: January, May, and October, ESE provides itself as a medium for – also invites- researcher, academic practitioners, and intellectuals to submit their critical writings and to contribute to the development of science and engineering